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Sir Muhammad Awais Geography Notes
Study physical features like mountains, valleys, rivers, and plains. Learn map reading, fieldwork techniques, data collection, and topographical analysis.
Covers climate zones, temperature, rainfall patterns, and climatic factors. Understand the impact of climate on vegetation, agriculture, and human activity.
Learn about sources of water, rivers, water supply, and management. Understand water scarcity, irrigation, and challenges in water distribution.
Covers types of forests (tropical, temperate, coniferous), distribution, and uses. Learn about deforestation, forest conservation, and the role of forests in the ecosystem.
Covers types of minerals (metallic & non-metallic), distribution, extraction methods, and economic importance. Learn about sustainable mining and environmental impacts.
Study sources of energy including fossil fuels, hydroelectric, nuclear, and renewable energy. Learn about energy production, consumption, and environmental impacts.
Covers inland and marine fishing, fish types, methods, and economic importance. Learn about sustainable fishing practices and challenges like overfishing and pollution..
Covers types of minerals (metallic & non-metallic), distribution, extraction methods, and economic importance. Learn about sustainable mining and environmental impacts.
Cottage industries are small, home-based or local businesses that produce goods using simple tools and limited resources. They play an important role in providing employment, preserving local skills, and supporting rural economies
Large industries are big manufacturing units that use advanced machinery, employ many workers, and produce goods for national or international markets. They are key to economic growth, urban development, and export revenue.
Study local, regional, and international trade, imports, exports, and trade patterns. Learn how trade links countries, supports economic growth, and impacts global markets.
Covers different modes of transport: road, rail, air, and water. Understand how transport networks influence trade, industry, connectivity, and economic development.
Learn about types of tourism: domestic, international, and eco-tourism. Understand its economic benefits, environmental impacts, and factors influencing tourist destinations.
Study population distribution, density, growth, and structure. Learn about migration patterns, urbanization, and demographic challenges that affect countries.
